Ni kuki ihindagurika ry’ ikirere ari ikintu gihambaye?

Ukwo isi ishuha , nikwo ihindura umuhindo w’ umuyaga n’ikamere y’amabahari (océans). Ibi birahindura cane ikirere twubatsemwo imirima n’ ibisagara kuva imyaka 6000 iheze. Ahantu hose hari ihindagurika ry’ imvura canke ubushuhe. Ahantu henshi, izi mpinduka zirarengeje urugero.

1. Ibihuhusi n'imyuzurira Ibahari ishushe cane ituma haba umuhisha mwinshi w’amazi atumukira mu kirere (evaporation), bisigura kw’ibicu biyora amazi menshi imbere yuko biyasesa kw’isi. Ibi bisigura ko ahantu hasanzwe haboneka ibihuhusi, inkubi, n’imiyaga y’inguvu (cyclones, typhons, ouragans) usanga hakunda kuboneka ibihuhusi vyinshi bikomeye (tempêtes). Mu turere dukonje, ugushonga kw’ amabarafu aturuka ku rubura (neige) nakwo kurashobora gutera imyuzurira. Nk’akarorero, mu ntara za Cibitoke, Bubanza, Igisagara ca Bujumbura na Rumonge, twama dusinzikazwa buri mwaka n’inkubi y'umuyaga n'imywuzurira bifise ingaruka mbi ku banyagihugu. Imiryango myinshi yaratakaje amazu, imirima yarononekaye kandi abana benshi ntibashobora kuja kw’ ishuri ryabo kubera ata nzira.
2. Umwumira n’ubugararwa- Iyo imvura iguye ahantu hamwe, ntabwo igwa ahandi. Ukwo ibihe vy’imvura bigenda birahindagurika, ahantu henshi haca haba umwumira (sécheresse). Iyi ni ingorane isinzikaje ibice vyo mu buseruko bw’igihugu, cane cane mu turere twa Rumonge, Cankuzo, Ruyigi na Rutana. Irabangamiye uburimyi, mbere n’ubutunzi bw’imiryango bugaca buyonga kubera iyo mvo, bigatuma abantu bata bagasuhuka baja kurondera amahirwe ahandi.
3. Imiriro- Amazi atumukira mu kirere (Evaporation) ku rugero rurenze kandi imvura nayo ikagwa ari nkeyi bituma ibimera/ibiterwa (végétation) bica vyuma. Ibimera iyo vyumye n’ubushuhe bukaba bwinshi vyorohereza imiriro ya nyakanga gukwiragira. Muri Berezile (Brésil), Ositaraliya (Australie) , no muri Amerika, abantu benshi barapfuye, ibihumbi n'ibihumbi babura amazu, ndetse n’imiliyoni nyishi z’amahegitari ziratikira. Imiriro ya Nyakamga ni mibi kuko irungika karubone nyinshi mu kirere. Akenshi yaduka iyo haciye igihe imvura itagwa, igatikiza ikibira, n’inguvu zo gutera ibiti tuba twaragize kugira dukingire ibidukikije. Umuriro wica ibikoko ukabisiga bidafise aho biba.

Imvura nyinshi ironona ibiterwa , nkeyi cane nayo igatera umwimira. Ubushuhe bwinshi butera udukoko n'indwara zica ibiterwa n'ibitungwa. Ibi vyose bigasigura ko haca haba inzara nyinshi.

Iyo ibibuye vy’amabarafu vya Groenland na Antarctique) bishonze, bituma urugero rw’ amabahari ruduga. Amazi aravyimba/arabira akaduga (l’eau se dilate) iyo ashushe, birtyo ukuduga kw’ urugero rw’ibiyaga binini (l'élévation du niveau des mers) guca guterwa n’amazi yo mu mabahari (océans) nayo aba yaduze nyene. Ibihugu biri hafi y’ urugero rw’ amazi (Les pays de faible altitude) nk’Amazinga ya Pasifike (les îles du Pacifique) na Bangaladeshi (Bangladesh) bica bigeramirwa cane. Ibahari ishushe ntishobora kubika karubone (carbone) yashonze ( dissout) muri yo (iyumvire ibisebuzi ( bulles) biboneka iyo ushuhije amazi). Nuko rero, ukwo amabahari agenda ashuha, niko arekura karubone nyinshi, navyo bigaca vyongereza umuvudiko w ‘ ihindagurika ry’ ibihe.

Ingaruka nazo ziribonekeza kandi ku rwego rw’ ikiyaga. Iyo imvura iguye cane mu misozi, inzuzi zizana amazi menshi mu kiyaga, bigatuma urugero rw’aho amazi agera ruduga . Abantu baba ku nkengera z'ikiyaga birababangamira, bagatakaza amazu, amatongo kandi bagasanga bategerezwa kwimuka nk'uko vyabaye mu Gatumba no mu Rumonge.

Ivyo bitoro nyene, umuriro w’amashamba, ibiti n’amakara y’ibiti twaturiye kugira duteke imfungurwa, navyo bitera ihindagurika ry’ibihe, bikongereza ihumana ry’ikirere, bigatera kanseri, indwara z'umutima, ingorane zo guhema, bikabangamira ugukura neza kw’ ubwonko, bigatuma haba inzoya zivuka hataragera. Mu Burundi, kwanduza ikirere co mu mazu n’umwotsi uterwa no gucana inkwi mu gihe co guteka imfungurwa bitera ingorane zo guhema, n’iz’amaso ku bana na ba nyina.

Iyo izo ngorane zose zigiye ziyongera, abantu bisanga bategerezwa kwimuka barondera umutekano wabo. Mu Burundi imiryango myinshi yategerejwe kwimukira mu tundi turere tw’igihugu biturutse ku myuzurira n’umwumira ; birashoboka rero ko ugutanguranwa ku mikoro n’ubutunzi butanarwiriye namba, na cane cane bifatanye n’uko kwimukira, bizotera indyane nshasha, nayoza kera zigasubira kuvyuka gushasha.

Abantu n’ukwo ikirere cifashe (conditions météorologiques) , nk’umwuzurira n’imiriro, birashobora gutikiza aho ibikoko n’ibiterwa vyari bisanzwe biba (habitat). Ibikoko bimwe bikenera ubukonje kugira bifungure canke bigwire, mu gihe ibindi vyicwa n’ubushuhe. Mu gihe ibahari ishushe, nk’akarorero, amakorali (les coraux) atangura gupfa. Korali (le corail) n’inkingi y’ibinyabuzima vyo mw’ibahari.Ibice 60% vy’ibikoko vyose vyarazimanganye kw’isi mu myaka 50 iheze kubera abantu.

N’imiburiburi umuliyoni1 w’ubwoko bw’ibikoko n’ibimera birageramiwe no guhona . Ibi ntabwo ari bibi kuri ivyo gusa, ahubwo ni bibi no ku bantu, kuko ubuzima bwacu bushoboka iyo ibidukikije bimerewe neza. Udukoko dutuma ibiterwa vyacu bishurika (les insectes pollinisent nos cultures), imiliyoni z’abantu batunzwe n’amafi ababera imfungurwa, ibiterwa vyinshi n’ibikoko navyo bitanga imiti, kandi twese duhuma umwuka wa ogisijeni (oxygène ) uturuka mu bimera n’ivyimeza-rubobi (algues)

Ivyo bigira ingaruka mbi ku moko atandukanye mu gihugu, na cane cane ku mafi .